Author: Aindrila Mitra

FRAND fights decide real money, real leverage, and real outcomes for companies building core tech. If you get the method wrong, you can lose value fast. This article breaks down the two main ways courts and negotiators set FRAND rates—top-down and bottom-up—in plain, simple words, so you can see which one fits your situation and…

Most fights over FRAND do not start in court. They start with confusion. One side says a license fee is fair. The other side says it is not. Both sides claim the market supports them. And suddenly, a technical issue turns into a long, slow, expensive problem. Comparable licenses are the clean way out of…

If you are building technology that talks to other technology, you are already close to the world of FRAND, whether you know it or not. FRAND sounds complex. It feels legal. It feels slow. It feels like something only big companies with giant legal teams should care about. That feeling is wrong. FRAND matters to…

If you are building tech that touches a standard, patents stop being optional. They become power. Claim charts are how that power gets proven. And when standard-essential patents, or SEPs, are involved, claim charts are not paperwork. They are the whole game. What a Claim Chart Really Proves in a Standard World A claim chart…

If you are building real technology and working with standards, there is a moment where patents stop being optional and start being mission-critical. That moment is when your invention touches a standard. This is where Standard Essential Patents, or SEPs, enter the picture. And this is also where many founders make quiet mistakes that cost…

A patent does not become powerful by accident. It becomes powerful when the world starts using it without even knowing it. That is what happens when a patent becomes “essential” to a standard. This article explains, in plain and simple words, how that happens, why it matters so much, and what founders and engineers can…

Patents shape how modern technology gets built, shared, and sold. Most founders know patents matter, but very few understand how patents behave when they sit at the center of big, shared tech standards like Wi-Fi, 5G, video codecs, or payment systems. That confusion is exactly where FRAND comes in. FRAND sounds like legal noise. It…

If you build tech that talks to other tech, this topic matters to you. A lot. Standard-essential patents, or SEPs, quietly control how modern products work, who gets paid, and who gets locked out. Founders often hear the term too late, usually when a big company sends a scary letter. This article fixes that. We…